History week 36.

Paleolithic Era: Early modern humans appeared around 48,000 years ago. Neolithic Era: Introduction of settled agriculture, early metallurgy, and megalithic structures like Stonehenge. Ancient Greece: Emergence of city-states and significant cultural, philosophical, and scientific advancements. Roman Empire: Dominated the Mediterranean Basin, leading to extensive cultural and infrastructural developments. Fragmentation of the Western Roman Empire and rise of the Frankish Empire under Charlemagne. High Middle Ages: Feudalism, Crusades, and the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire. Late Middle Ages: Bubonic plague, Mongol invasions, and the beginning of the Renaissance. Industrial Revolution: Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth. World Wars: World War I and World War II reshaped the political landscape of Europe. European Union: Post-World War II efforts towards European unity and cooperation. Trojan War (1200–1100 BCE): A legendary conflict between the city of Troy and the Achaeans. Greco-Persian Wars (492–449 BCE): A series of conflicts between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire. Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648): A destructive war fought primarily in Central Europe, involving many of the great European powers and resulting in significant political and religious changes. War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714): A war triggered by the death of the childless Charles II of Spain, leading to a struggle over who would inherit the Spanish throne.